2009 Green Display Report


1 Introduction 6
1.1. Report Scope 6
1.2. Methodology 9
2 Executive Summary 10
2.1. Green-ness 10
2.2. Why Be Green? 11
2.3. Green Display Labeling and Marketing 13
2.4. Recycling and e-waste Disposal 14
2.5. Emerging Technologies 15
2.6. Trends 16
2.7. Call to Action 18
3 What Makes a Display Green? 20
3.1. Introduction 20
3.1.1. Energy Used by Display 25
3.1.2. Energy and Processes Used for Display Production, and Related GHG Emissions 26
3.1.3. Materials, Components, and Supply Chain 29
3.1.4. Transportation 30
3.1.5. Recycling 31
3.2. Specifications of the Display 32
3.2.1. What is a "Green" Specification? 32
3.2.2. Benchmarks: Typical 2009 Displays 33
3.2.3. Green Display Specification Trends and Projections 50
3.2.4. The Role of Emerging Display Technologies 51
3.3. Materials, Components and Supply Chain 58
3.4. Manufacturing Plant 60
3.5. Product Recyclability 61
3.6. The Green Product Life Cycle 64
3.6.1. From Birth to End of Life - and Beyond 64
4 Why be Green? 66
4.1. Being (or Appearing to Be) a Good Corporate Citizen 67
4.1.1. The Social vs. Economic Aspects of Green 67
4.2. Reducing Costs 68
4.2.1. Product Designs 68
4.2.2. Manufacturing 68
4.2.3. Materials 68
4.2.4. Transportation 68
4.2.5. But Some Costs Will Increase 69
4.3. Complying with (or Staying Ahead of) Government Regulations 69
5 The Selling of Green Displays 70
5.1. How are Green Display Products Being Marketed? 72
5.2. Do Green Display Products Sell Better? 75
5.2.1. Do Reduced-Power Technologies Help Sell Products 75
5.2.2. What's Most Important in Making the Sale? 76
6 Qualitative Green Trend Impacts 80
6.1. Changes in the Supply Chain 80
6.2. Business Model Impacts 81
6.3. Upstream/Downstream Ripples 82
7 Regulatory, Recycling & Labeling Framework 83
7.1. Role and Status of Regulation, Mandates, Practices and Standards 83
7.2. Notable Environmental and Energy Consumption Regulations and Standards 86
7.2.1. US DOE/EPA Energy Star 86
7.2.2. CEC/PG&E Draft Proposal 93
7.2.3. Ecoleaf (Japan) 99
7.2.4. ISO 14000 104
7.2.5. EPEAT 104
7.2.6. TCO 109
7.3. Hazardous Substances in Products Regulations 112
7.3.1. RoHS 112
7.3.2. Related Regulations 113
7.4. Recycling Regulations and Practices 113
7.4.1. Current Regulations and Practices 113
7.4.2. Where Do We Go from Here? 118
7.5. How Will Regulations Impact Business Practices 122
7.5.1. Panel makers 123
7.5.2. Makers of display-centric systems 123
7.5.3. Distributors, VARs, and Retailers 124
7.5.4. Effect on Consumers and End-Users 125
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Worldwide Large TFT-LCD Panel Shipments and Revenue by Application 6
Figure 2: Television Power Consumption (2004) 21
Figure 3: Cycle of Green Product Design, Manufacturing, Use, and Recycling 22
Figure 4: Display Manufacturers are Committing to Lower Power Panels 26
Figure 5: Trend in Lead Content of CRT and PDP Televisions Report by Panasonic 28
Figure 6: Panasonic Clean Factory (CF) Program 29
Figure 7: Moving Flat Panel Television on Recycling Line 31
Figure 8: LG Announces 5.9 mm Thick LCD-TV Panel 35
Figure 9: LG Electronics LCD Television Green Product Design 35
Figure 10:  LG Electronics "Ecology Plasma TV" 39
Figure 11: Samsung Announces Plasma Television with 40% Lower Power Consumption 40
Figure 12: Dell G2210 Green Monitor Features 46
Figure 13: Apple MacBook Air with LED Backlight 48
Figure 14:  LG Electronics Design Approach for a Green Notebook PC 49
Figure 15: OLED Display Revenue Forecast 52
Figure 16:  Local Area Dimming Approaches for LED Backlights 55
Figure 17:  Edge-lit LED Backlight with Local Area Dimming 56
Figure 18:  UniPixel Display Technology 57
Figure 19: Green LCD Panel Design Changes 58
Figure 20:  AU Optronics LEED Gold Gen 8.5 LCD Manufacturing Plant 60
Figure 21:  Environmental Benefits of AUO LEED Gold LCD Fab 61
Figure 22:  Status of Takeback Programs in US 62
Figure 23:  Lifecycle Assessment 64
Figure 24: Life Cycle Assessment Categorization of Green House Gas Emission Sources 65
Figure 25:  Drivers for Company Sustainability Initiatives 66
Figure 26: Results of CEA Study 70
Figure 27:  Vizio VECO32L "Eco" TV 71
Figure 28:  Number of Units Sold of Energy Star Labeled Products, 2000-2008 88
Figure 29:  TV On Mode Power Requirements and Phase in of Energy Star Tier 1, 2 and 3 91
Figure 30: Overview of US Television Power Consumption 95
Figure 31:  EcoLeaf Product Categories 100
Figure 32:  EcoLeaf Label Program Data 101
Figure 33:  EPEAT Ratings Method and List of Rated Product Types 105
Figure 34:  Sample Listing of EPEAT Rated Monitors 106
Figure 35:  EPEAT Required Rating Criteria 107
Figure 36:  EPEAT Optional Rating Criteria 108
Figure 37:  TCO Certified Label 109
Figure 38:  Environmental Criteria of TCO Displays 5.0 110
Figure 39:  Usability Criteria of TCO Displays 5.0 111
Figure 40:  TCO Certified Edge Label 112
Figure 41:  Overview of States with Electronic Waste Related Laws 114
Figure 42:  Overview of Electronic Waste Related Laws Pending in 2009 Legislature 115
Figure 43: Korean Electronics Recycling Act Implementation 118
Figure 44:  Eco-Design Principles 121
Figure 45:  Design for Recyclability Elements 122
Table of Tables
Table 1: Typical Television and Consumer Electronics Power Consumption, ca 2009 23
Table 2: Life Cycle and Environmental Impact of Televisions 24
Table 3: Ecological and Business Impacts of Green Display Initiatives 25
Table 4: Optoelectronic Sensor Solutions for Green Displays 31
Table 5: Benchmark LCD-TVs 38
Table 6: Benchmark LCD-TVs (2) 39
Table 7: PDP TVs 42
Table 8: Sample Energy Star Tier 1 On-Mode Maximum Power Levels for Monitors 43
Table 9: Efficiency Criteria for Sleep and Off-Modes for Monitors 44
Table 10: LCD Monitor Benchmarks (1) 45
Table 11: LCD Monitor Benchmarks (2) 46
Table 12: Influence of Green Design Practices on Display Materials and Components 60
Table 13: Representative LCD/PDP TV Green Features and Benefits Claimed 74
Table 14: Regulations for Green Displays 85
Table 15: Labeling for Green Displays 86
Table 16: Standards for Green Displays 87
Table 17: Energy Star Program Manufacturer Requirements 88
Table 18: On Mode Power Level Requirements for TV Products 91
Table 19: Average Tier 1 (Energy Star 3.0) On Mode Power Level Requirements 91
Table 20: Energy Star Version 5.0 (Tier 3) On Mode Power Level Requirements 93
Table 21: Energy Star Version 5.0 Tier 1 and Tier 2 Sleep and Off Mode Power Levels 93
Table 22: California Existing and Proposed Standards for Television Power Consumption 97
Table 23: Television Technology Trends Cited by CEC 98
Table 24:  US States with Electronic Waste Laws 116
Table 25:  Design Elements for Recyclability 122

 

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