2009 Green Display Report


1
Introduction
6
1.1.
Report Scope
6
1.2.
Methodology
9
2
Executive Summary
10
2.1.
Green-ness
10
2.2.
Why Be Green?
11
2.3.
Green Display Labeling and Marketing
13
2.4.
Recycling and e-waste Disposal
14
2.5.
Emerging Technologies
15
2.6.
Trends
16
2.7.
Call to Action
18
3
What Makes a Display Green?
20
3.1.
Introduction
20
3.1.1.
Energy Used by Display
25
3.1.2.
Energy and Processes Used for Display Production, and Related GHG Emissions
26
3.1.3.
Materials, Components, and Supply Chain
29
3.1.4.
Transportation
30
3.1.5.
Recycling
31
3.2.
Specifications of the Display
32
3.2.1.
What is a "Green" Specification?
32
3.2.2.
Benchmarks: Typical 2009 Displays
33
3.2.3.
Green Display Specification Trends and Projections
50
3.2.4.
The Role of Emerging Display Technologies
51
3.3.
Materials, Components and Supply Chain
58
3.4.
Manufacturing Plant
60
3.5.
Product Recyclability
61
3.6.
The Green Product Life Cycle
64
3.6.1.
From Birth to End of Life - and Beyond
64
4
Why be Green?
66
4.1.
Being (or Appearing to Be) a Good Corporate Citizen
67
4.1.1.
The Social vs. Economic Aspects of Green
67
4.2.
Reducing Costs
68
4.2.1.
Product Designs
68
4.2.2.
Manufacturing
68
4.2.3.
Materials
68
4.2.4.
Transportation
68
4.2.5.
But Some Costs Will Increase
69
4.3.
Complying with (or Staying Ahead of) Government Regulations
69
5
The Selling of Green Displays
70
5.1.
How are Green Display Products Being Marketed?
72
5.2.
Do Green Display Products Sell Better?
75
5.2.1.
Do Reduced-Power Technologies Help Sell Products
75
5.2.2.
What's Most Important in Making the Sale?
76
6
Qualitative Green Trend Impacts
80
6.1.
Changes in the Supply Chain
80
6.2.
Business Model Impacts
81
6.3.
Upstream/Downstream Ripples
82
7
Regulatory, Recycling & Labeling Framework
83
7.1.
Role and Status of Regulation, Mandates, Practices and Standards
83
7.2.
Notable Environmental and Energy Consumption Regulations and Standards
86
7.2.1.
US DOE/EPA Energy Star
86
7.2.2.
CEC/PG&E Draft Proposal
93
7.2.3.
Ecoleaf (Japan)
99
7.2.4.
ISO 14000
104
7.2.5.
EPEAT
104
7.2.6.
TCO
109
7.3.
Hazardous Substances in Products Regulations
112
7.3.1.
RoHS
112
7.3.2.
Related Regulations
113
7.4.
Recycling Regulations and Practices
113
7.4.1.
Current Regulations and Practices
113
7.4.2.
Where Do We Go from Here?
118
7.5.
How Will Regulations Impact Business Practices
122
7.5.1.
Panel makers
123
7.5.2.
Makers of display-centric systems
123
7.5.3.
Distributors, VARs, and Retailers
124
7.5.4.
Effect on Consumers and End-Users
125
Table of Figures
Figure 1: Worldwide Large TFT-LCD Panel Shipments and Revenue by Application
6
Figure 2: Television Power Consumption (2004)
21
Figure 3: Cycle of Green Product Design, Manufacturing, Use, and Recycling
22
Figure 4: Display Manufacturers are Committing to Lower Power Panels
26
Figure 5: Trend in Lead Content of CRT and PDP Televisions Report by Panasonic
28
Figure 6: Panasonic Clean Factory (CF) Program
29
Figure 7: Moving Flat Panel Television on Recycling Line
31
Figure 8: LG Announces 5.9 mm Thick LCD-TV Panel
35
Figure 9: LG Electronics LCD Television Green Product Design
35
Figure 10:  LG Electronics "Ecology Plasma TV"
39
Figure 11: Samsung Announces Plasma Television with 40% Lower Power Consumption
40
Figure 12: Dell G2210 Green Monitor Features
46
Figure 13: Apple MacBook Air with LED Backlight
48
Figure 14:  LG Electronics Design Approach for a Green Notebook PC
49
Figure 15: OLED Display Revenue Forecast
52
Figure 16:  Local Area Dimming Approaches for LED Backlights
55
Figure 17:  Edge-lit LED Backlight with Local Area Dimming
56
Figure 18:  UniPixel Display Technology
57
Figure 19: Green LCD Panel Design Changes
58
Figure 20:  AU Optronics LEED Gold Gen 8.5 LCD Manufacturing Plant
60
Figure 21:  Environmental Benefits of AUO LEED Gold LCD Fab
61
Figure 22:  Status of Takeback Programs in US
62
Figure 23:  Lifecycle Assessment
64
Figure 24: Life Cycle Assessment Categorization of Green House Gas Emission Sources
65
Figure 25:  Drivers for Company Sustainability Initiatives
66
Figure 26: Results of CEA Study
70
Figure 27:  Vizio VECO32L "Eco" TV
71
Figure 28:  Number of Units Sold of Energy Star Labeled Products, 2000-2008
88
Figure 29:  TV On Mode Power Requirements and Phase in of Energy Star Tier 1, 2 and 3
91
Figure 30: Overview of US Television Power Consumption
95
Figure 31:  EcoLeaf Product Categories
100
Figure 32:  EcoLeaf Label Program Data
101
Figure 33:  EPEAT Ratings Method and List of Rated Product Types
105
Figure 34:  Sample Listing of EPEAT Rated Monitors
106
Figure 35:  EPEAT Required Rating Criteria
107
Figure 36:  EPEAT Optional Rating Criteria
108
Figure 37:  TCO Certified Label
109
Figure 38:  Environmental Criteria of TCO Displays 5.0
110
Figure 39:  Usability Criteria of TCO Displays 5.0
111
Figure 40:  TCO Certified Edge Label
112
Figure 41:  Overview of States with Electronic Waste Related Laws
114
Figure 42:  Overview of Electronic Waste Related Laws Pending in 2009 Legislature
115
Figure 43: Korean Electronics Recycling Act Implementation
118
Figure 44:  Eco-Design Principles
121
Figure 45:  Design for Recyclability Elements
122
Table of Tables
Table 1: Typical Television and Consumer Electronics Power Consumption, ca 2009
23
Table 2: Life Cycle and Environmental Impact of Televisions
24
Table 3: Ecological and Business Impacts of Green Display Initiatives
25
Table 4: Optoelectronic Sensor Solutions for Green Displays
31
Table 5: Benchmark LCD-TVs
38
Table 6: Benchmark LCD-TVs (2)
39
Table 7: PDP TVs
42
Table 8: Sample Energy Star Tier 1 On-Mode Maximum Power Levels for Monitors
43
Table 9: Efficiency Criteria for Sleep and Off-Modes for Monitors
44
Table 10: LCD Monitor Benchmarks (1)
45
Table 11: LCD Monitor Benchmarks (2)
46
Table 12: Influence of Green Design Practices on Display Materials and Components
60
Table 13: Representative LCD/PDP TV Green Features and Benefits Claimed
74
Table 14: Regulations for Green Displays
85
Table 15: Labeling for Green Displays
86
Table 16: Standards for Green Displays
87
Table 17: Energy Star Program Manufacturer Requirements
88
Table 18: On Mode Power Level Requirements for TV Products
91
Table 19: Average Tier 1 (Energy Star 3.0) On Mode Power Level Requirements
91
Table 20: Energy Star Version 5.0 (Tier 3) On Mode Power Level Requirements
93
Table 21: Energy Star Version 5.0 Tier 1 and Tier 2 Sleep and Off Mode Power Levels
93
Table 22: California Existing and Proposed Standards for Television Power Consumption
97
Table 23: Television Technology Trends Cited by CEC
98
Table 24:  US States with Electronic Waste Laws
116
Table 25:  Design Elements for Recyclability
122

 

Report Details | Table of Contents